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" Pattern to detect real-looking shebang to an absolute path
let s:shebang = '^#!\s*/[^/]\+'

" If the buffer looks shebanged, and the file being saved to doesn't exist
" yet, set up a hook to make it executable after the write is done done
function! shebang_create_exec#(filename) abort

  " If the first line isn't a shebang, or the file exists, do nothing
  if getline(1) !~# s:shebang || filereadable(a:filename)
    return
  endif

  " Set a buffer variable to the target filename
  let b:shebang_create_exec_filename = a:filename

  " Set up a hook to run and clean up after the write
  autocmd shebang_create_exec BufWritePost <buffer>
        \ call s:Run(expand('<afile>:p'))

endfunction

" Clear away the hook that called us and make the file executable
function! s:Run(filename) abort

  " Clear away the hook that called us
  autocmd! shebang_create_exec BufWritePost <buffer>

  " Check that the save filename was set by BufWritePre
  if !exists('b:shebang_create_exec_filename')
    return
  endif

  " Check that it matches the file we just saved, and if so, make that file
  " executable
  if a:filename ==# b:shebang_create_exec_filename
    call s:MakeExecutable(b:shebang_create_exec_filename)
  endif

  " Clear away the save filename, even if we didn't change any permissions
  unlet b:shebang_create_exec_filename

endfunction

" Make a given filename executable
function! s:MakeExecutable(filename) abort

  " Get filename into local variable
  let filename = a:filename

  " How we do this depends on whether we have native file permissions
  " functions (Vim >=8.0)
  if exists('*setfperm')

    " We have setfperm(), so we can make the file executable without a fork to
    " chmod(1), which should be quick and safe
    let cperm = getfperm(filename)

    " Replace every third character of the permissions string with an 'x'
    let nperm
          \ = strpart(cperm, 0, 2).'x'
          \ . strpart(cperm, 3, 2).'x'
          \ . strpart(cperm, 6, 2).'x'

    " If our new permissions string differs from the current one, apply it to
    " the file
    if nperm !=# cperm
      call setfperm(filename, nperm)
    endif

  else

    " We'll need to fork to chmod(1); escape the filename safely, using
    " shellescape() if we've got it, or manual UNIX sh quoting if not
    let filename_escaped = exists('*shellescape')
          \ ? shellescape(filename)
          \ : "'" . substitute(filename, "'", "'\\''", 'g') . "'"

    " Try to make the file executable with a fork to chmod(1)
    call system('chmod +x '.filename_escaped)

  endif

endfunction